?
Post-frame buildings typically feature large,
solid-sawn wood posts or laminated columns instead
of the 2x4” studs found in many wood-frame
buildings. Loads are transferred to the ground
through the posts, which are typically embedded in
the ground or surface-mounted to a concrete or
masonry foundation.
Many people simply think of a “pole barn” when they
try to imagine a post-frame structure. Although the
post-frame design was originally perfected by
engineers for large agricultural buildings, the
design has proven so efficient and versatile that
barns now constitute only a fraction of the
post-frame industry. However, post-frame remains the
obvious choice for horse barns, riding arenas,
machinery storage, sheds and most other
agricultural buildings.
Round “poles” are no longer used in post-frame
construction; rot and insect-resistant
pressure-treated square posts, nail-laminated or
glue-laminated wood columns, and new types of
materials are used instead. Laminated columns may
also be engineered to build large, arching
structural members that are ideal for church
sanctuaries and other open timber interiors.
Due to the application of modern structural
engineering principles and stress testing methods,
post-frame technology is now recognized as a truly
significant advancement in the centuries-old art of
wood frame construction. Post-frame is now the
construction method of choice for any number of
different commercial, retail, industrial,
residential, religious and public building needs.
HOW CAN I MAKE SURE I GET A POST-FRAME BUILDING OF
SUPERIOR VALUE?
Unfortunately, some builders -
probably more concerned with making a quick sale or
meeting a sales quota - may cut corners or
otherwise sacrifice quality to make low bid.
If you
just pick the lowest bid, you might just get what
you paid for - which could mean you end up with a
building that is plagued with problems from a
company that won't stand behind its work.
How do know you are choosing the best company for
the job? There are a number of criteria to which
builders should and must conform.
But the best criteria to rely
on is membership in their industry's professional
associations. Also of equal consideration are
strong references from existing customers - builders
and commercial customers - and local business
organizations.
IS
USE OF WOOD PRODUCTS
GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?
Got a few moments to spare? Good. Now
sit back, grab a cup of coffee, and check out this
quiz to learn the real facts relevant to common
misconceptions. (The answers are in BOLD type,
below each question).
True (T) or False (F). The raw
material that is used in the greatest quantity in the United States
today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total
raw materials used annually, is steel.
False)
More wood is consumed annually in the United States, on both a
volume and weight basis, than all metals and all types of plastics
combined.
True (T) or False (F). The world is rapidly running out of many important
minerals.
(False) The prices of most metals have continued
to fall in recent decades indicating relative
abundance, despite the fact that metals are
non-renewable resources.
The number one cause of
tropical deforestation worldwide is:
a. commercial logging.
b. wildfire.
c. clearing of lands for agricultural use.
d. gathering of firewood.
e. building of roads and cities.
(c)
Clearing of lands for agricultural use is by far
the leading cause of tropical deforestation
worldwide.
The area covered by forests
in the United States today is approximately _______
of the forested area that existed in 1600.
a. 68 percent
b. 50 percent
c. 33 percent
d. 25 percent
e. 17 percent
There are 737 million acres of forests in the U.S.
today, about 70% of the 1.044 billion acres of
forests estimated to have covered what is now the
United States in the year 1600.
Which of the following statements most accurately
describes United States Forests over the past
decade:
a. forest harvest has exceeded net growth by 8 percent.
b. forest harvest has exceeded net growth by 3 percent.
c. forest harvest roughly equaled net growth.
d. net forest growth exceeded harvest by 19 percent.
e. net forest growth exceeded harvest by 31 percent.
(e)
Net growth of forests in the United States
substantially exceeds harvest. The most recent
figures show that growth exceeds harvest by a
healthy 31%.
Which of the following statements most accurately
describes federally owned forests (i.e. the National
Forests) in the United States over the past decade:
a. forest harvest exceeded net growth by 30 percent.
b. forest harvest exceeded net growth by 10 percent.
c. forest harvest roughly equaled net growth.
d. net forest growth exceeded harvest by 30 percent.
e. net forest growth exceeded harvest by 55 percent.
(e) Over the past decade net growth in U.S.
federally managed forests has exceeded harvest by 55
percent or more.
True (T) or False (F).
As originally established, it was never intended
that the National Forests of the United States would
be periodically harvested to obtain timber that
would be used in meeting the nation's need for wood.
(False) One of the specifically stated reasons
for establishment of the National Forests was to
ensure a continuous supply of wood for the citizens
of the United States.
True (T) or False (F).
At current rates of deforestation, 40 percent of
current forests in the United States will be lost by
the middle of the next century.
(False) Forests actually increased in area
coverage in the United States between 1985 and 1995.
However, due to continuing growth of urban areas and
building of highways, it is predicted that 3 to 5%
of the current area of forest land in the U.S. could
by lost by 2050.
True (T) or False (F).
In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and
animals have been driven to extinction by logging
activity than any other activity of mankind.
(False) There is no documented evidence of even
one plant or animal species having been driven to
extinction by logging activity in the United States.
True (T) or False (F).
Under current United States law, forest harvesting
is allowed within federally designated wilderness
areas.
(False) Forest harvesting is not allowed in
federally designated wilderness areas.
True (T) or False (F).
Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild
turkey have declined significantly in the United
States over the past 50 years.
(False) The populations of all these species
have increased by over 1,000% (10 x) over the past
50 years.
True (T) or False (F).
Considering the total annual harvest of forests in
Minnesota and the total consumption of wood and wood
fiber products within the State, Minnesota is a net
importer of wood and wood products.
(True) Minnesota is a net importer of
approximately 8% of the total wood and wood fiber
consumed annually in the state.
True (T) or False (F).
Considering the total annual harvest of forests in
the United States and the total consumption of wood
and wood fiber products within our country, the U.S.
is a net importer of wood and wood products.
(True) The United States is a net importer of
about 35 percent of the lumber consumed annually
within the country. When all products are
considered, including exports of logs, chips, and
waste paper, the U.S. was a net importer in 1998 of
0.7 percent of the total wood and wood fiber
consumed within its borders. The United States has
been a net importer of wood for over 30 years.
The use of forest products
in the United States:
a. has declined significantly since 1960.
b. has remained at about the same level for the past
50 years.
c. is growing slowly as the population increases.
d. has increased on a per capita basis by over 25
percent since 1970.
(d)
Per capita consumption of forest products in the
United States is about 25 percent higher today than
in 1970.
As a percentage of all the
paper used in the United States in 1999, _____ was
recovered for reuse.
a. 2.9 percent
b. 6.5 percent
c. 14.7 percent
d. 29.3 percent
e. 45.0 percent
f. 60.0 percent
(e) In 1999, 45.0 percent of all paper used in the United States
was collected for reuse. This amounted to 47.3 million tons of recovered
paper.
Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S.
paper industry's fiber in 1999.
a. 2.0 percent
b. 6.1 percent
c. 12.9 percent
d. 19.8 percent
e. 24.3 percent
f. 37.8 percent
Recovered paper provided 37.8 percent of the U.S.
paper industry's fiber in 1999. The difference
between the wastepaper collection rate (45.0
percent) and the recovered paper use rate (37.8
percent) is largely traceable to the fact that the
United States is the world's largest exporter of
waste paper.
True (T) or False (F).
More extensive recycling of
paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the
United States by 60 percent or more.
(False) Several recent studies have shown that
while paper recycling is extremely important, and a
major contributor to reducing demand for virgin
pulpwood, increasing recycling to the maximum level
allowed by current technology would have the effect
of reducing demand for virgin fiber by only 12-13
percent.
Moreover, when taking into consideration the time
that will be required to move to the technological
limit of recycling, and the population growth that
will occur in the meantime, it is likely that demand
for virgin fiber will continue to increase, even
with aggressive recycling programs.
The building material that
can be produced with the least impact on the
environment is:
a. brick
b. concrete
c. aluminum
d. virgin steel
e. recycled steel
f. wood
g. plastic
Well-documented environmental life cycle inventories
of various raw materials production processes
conducted by research organizations around the world
show that wood products can be manufactured with
relatively little environmental impact compared to
potential alternatives. Even when wood products are
compared to cement-based and recycled metal
products, energy consumption and associated
environmental impacts associated with wood-based
materials manufacture are generally substantially
lower.
Source: Evergreen Magazine